Dissolvable films and methods including the same

ABSTRACT

A method includes providing a container, introducing a substance into the container, and introducing a readily dissolvable film into the container such that the dissolvable film overlies the substance within the container. An alternative method includes providing a container, providing a readily dissolvable film, the film comprising a substance carried by the film, and introducing the film into the container.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.11/165,325, filed Jun. 24, 2005, which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/582,821, filed Jun. 28, 2004, thedisclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference in theirentirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to dissolvable membranes or films andmethods incorporating the same. For example, the present invention isdirected to arrangements including a container, a substance and adissolvable membrane, as well as methods incorporating the same.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the following discussion certain articles and methods will bedescribed for background and introductory purposes. Nothing containedherein is to be construed as an “admission” of prior art. Applicantexpressly reserves the right to demonstrate, where appropriate, that thearticles and methods referenced herein do not constitute prior art underthe applicable statutory provisions.

There are many scientific and industrial arrangements and processes thatinvolve the introduction of fairly precise amounts of one or moresubstances into a container. Depending on various factors such as thenature of the substance introduced, the construction and properties ofthe container, as well as the technique used to introduce thesesubstances, it is a common occurrence that some of a substanceintroduced into the container sticks to the walls of the container in amanner that prevents it from being combined and/or interacting withother substances in the container. When the nature of the process callsfor precise amounts of the various substances to be combined, theabove-described “sticking” problem can have a significant andundesirable impact on the desired outcome of the process.

In addition, while automation is desirable in the introduction ofsubstances, it can prove difficult to precisely deliver small quantitiesof substances. Thus, when precise amounts of substances are called for,it is a common practice to measure and introduce these substances into acontainer by hand. This labor intensive procedure is clearly less thanideal from an efficiency stand point.

One example of the type of scientific or industrial process referred toabove is the isolation and/or separation of biological components from asample. One way of accomplishing this isolation and/or separationinvolves introducing a biological sample, magnetizable particles, andpossibly other substances into a tube, usually gravimetrically or via apipette. One or more of the biological components present in the tubebecome associated with the magnetizable particles. Magnets are thencaused to come into close proximity to the tube wall(s) causing themagnetizable particles, with the biological component(s) attachedthereto, to be drawn to the wall(s) of the tube. The remainder of theconstituents present in the tube can then be removed, thereby separatingthe biological component(s). Various further process steps can beemployed to achieve a desired objective.

The walls of the tube and the pipette tip often possess a surface chargethat can attract substances thereto. Thus, for example, the introductionof magnetizable particles into the tube poses the above-describedproblem in that they can often stick to the walls of the tube or pipettein a way that prevents them from properly associating themselves withthe rest of the constituents in the tube. Moreover, even if care istaken to prevent the sticking problem when the particles are firstintroduced, subsequent movement of the tube with the particles containedtherein can cause the particles to be thrown against, and stick to, thewalls of the tube. Since processes such as the one described above ofteninvolve small sample sizes and/or rely upon precise amounts of thevarious substances to mix together in order to produce a desirable oraccurate result, the sticking phenomenon poses a significant problem inthe accuracy and reliability in such isolation and/or separationtechniques.

Therefore, there is a need in the art, in general to providearrangements and methods that facilitate more accurate introduction andassociation of substances within a container. There is also a need inthe art for arrangements and methods that promote more accurate andefficient introduction and association of substances involved in theisolation and/or separation of biological components from a sample.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention satisfies the above-described needs, and others,by providing arrangements and methods that reduce, if not eliminate,sticking of one or more substances to a wall of a container in a waythat prevents its proper association with other substances andconstituents within the container. The present invention also providesarrangement and techniques that facilitate automation. The presentinvention additionally provides arrangements and methods that allow fora precise quantity of a substance to be introduced into a container.

According to one aspect, a method of the present invention comprises:(i) providing a container; (ii) introducing the first substance into thecontainer; and (iii) introducing a readily dissolvable film into thecontainer such that the dissolvable film overlies the first substancewithin the container.

According to a further aspect, the present invention comprises: (i)providing a container; (ii) providing a readily dissolvable film, thefirst substance carried by the film; and (iii) introducing the film intothe container.

According to another aspect of the present invention, either of theabove-described methods may further include adding a second substance tothe container, and one or more of the following: (v) dissolving thefilm; and (vi) creating a mixture comprising the first and secondsubstances; (vii) binding the first substance and the second substancetogether thereby forming a complex; (viii) applying a magnetic field tothe container, thereby attracting the complex to a designated area ofthe container; (ix) removing at least a portion of the biological samplefrom the container; (x) removing the magnetic field from the container;(xi) disassociating the first substance and second substance from oneanother; (xii) reapplying the magnetic field to the container therebyattracting the first substance to a designated area of the container;(xiii) removing the second substance from the container; (ix) performingan amplification procedure on the second substance; and (x) conductingan assay to detect the presence and/or concentration of a target analytein the second substance. One or more of the aforementioned steps may beperformed by an automated robotic device.

According to an additional aspect, the present invention provides a kit,comprising: i) a container; ii) a first substance within the container;and iii) a readily dissolvable film within the container and overlayingthe first substance. According to yet another aspect, the presentinvention provides a kit for performing an assay, comprising: i) acontainer; and ii) a first substance carried by a readily dissolvablefilm.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and other features, aspects and advantages of the presentinvention will become apparent from the following description, appendedclaims and the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings, which arebriefly described below. It should be noted that, unless otherwisespecified, like elements have the same reference numbers.

FIGS. 1A-1G are schematic illustrations of processes and arrangementsaccording to the principles of a first aspect of the present invention.

FIGS. 2A-2G are schematic illustrations of processes and arrangementsaccording to the principles of a second aspect of the present invention.

FIGS. 3A-3F are schematic illustrations of further processes andarrangements practicable by implementation of the principles of thepresent invention.

FIG. 4 is an image of the results of a PCR procedure performed accordingto one aspect of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The principles of the present invention will now be further described bythe following discussion of certain illustrative embodiments thereof andby reference to the foregoing drawing figures.

As used herein, “biological sample” means any substance comprisingbodily fluid or matter including, but not limited to, blood, plasma,serum, urine, bone marrow aspirates, cerebral spinal fluid, tissue,cells, food, feces, saliva, hair, oral secretions, nasal secretions,buccal cells, bronchial lavage, cervical fluids, lymphatic fluids,sputum, and swabs containing any of the foregoing. The above-referencedbodily fluid or matter may be collected from any source. For example,the source is not limited to humans.

As used herein, “magnetically-responsive particle” means a particle iscapable of having a magnetic moment imparted thereto or otherwisemoveable under the action of a magnetic field.

As used herein, “overlies” means an orientation that, during ordinaryusage or field of reference, is vertically above the referenced objector substance.

As used herein, “readily dissolvable” refers to the capability of amaterial or film to be broken down when contacted by a selectedsubstance(s) at a rate, and to an extent, such that the material can bereadily utilized in a desired scientific or industrial process withoutcausing undue delay. For example, “readily dissolvable” means the Hansenparameters for a chosen solvent lie within the solubility volume or areafor the material, as plotted on a Hansen solubility map. See, e.g.,“Hansen Solubility Parameter System,” DuPont Nylon Intermediates andSpecialties, publication W-400473, 12/2000.

As used herein, “non-specifically bound” means a binding mechanism thatdoes not occur via a receptor, capture agent, or the like, which wouldselectively couple with a specific target substance.

As used herein, “specifically bound” means a binding mechanism thatoccurs via a receptor, capture agent, or the like, which wouldselectively couple with a specific target substance.

As used herein, “film” means a member with opposing major surfaces. Theterm “film” is not intended to be limited to a particular geometry orshape. For example, it is contemplated by the present invention that thefilm can be substantially planar, or may be provided in the shape of asolid or hollow polygon, sphere, or oblong body. The terms “film” and“membrane” are used interchangeably herein.

As previously described, the present invention is directed to a readilydissolvable film and methods incorporating the same. The dissolvablefilm utilized by the present invention can have any suitable compositionso long as it achieves the functional objectives described herein. Thereadily dissolvable film of the present invention can be formed, atleast in part, from known dissolvable substances. For example, anyorganic or inorganic polymeric material, or a material derived from oneor more such materials, characterizable as readily dissolvable could beutilized. Such substances may include cellulose based or derivedmaterials such as low viscosity hydroxyalkylmethyl cellulose orcarboxymethyl cellulose. Other suitable materials may include acombination of carboxylic hydroxyalkyl ester monomer with an ethoxylatedor propoxylated hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol (PEG),and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Formulations containing various amounts orcombinations of the above-mentioned substances are also contemplated.

Such known substances are utilized, for example, to make dissolvablefilms that are used as carriers for breath-freshening agents. One suchfilm is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,419,903, the entire content ofwhich is incorporated herein by reference. The film described therein isgenerally composed of a combination of a low viscosityhydroxyalkylmethyl cellulose, starch and a flavoring agent. Filmsutilized in connection with the present invention may optionally omitcomponents such as flavoring, coloring, anti-bacterial andbreath-freshening agents.

Films suitable for use in conjunction with the present invention can bemade by techniques familiar to those of in the art, such as thetechnique described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,419,903. A suitable techniquegenerally involves forming a solution or slurry containing theconstituent components of the film, casting and drying the solution orslurry to form a film. Once dried the film may be cut into segments.Alternatively, the film can be continuously cast and accumulated in rollform. An optional technique for incorporating substances or componentsinto the film can involve producing a film by any suitable technique,and incorporating a component or substance into the film via a surfaceapplication technique. For example, the film may be in a state whereinit is not completely dried or cured, the component or substance is thenintroduced onto the surface thereof, and the drying or curing processcompleted. The resulting film comprises the component on or near thesurface of the film. Modifications of this technique are also possible.For example, a fully dried or cured film may form the starting material.The dried or cured film may then be subjected to a process such asheating or wetting, such that the surface is modified to more readilyaccept the component or substance. The component or substance can thenbe added to the modified surface and the film dried or cooled to rendera film comprising the component or substance incorporated therein at thesurface of the film. Alternatively, a substance or additional componentmay simply be applied to the surface of a fully dried or cured film. Oneadvantage of the present invention is that an amount of a substance tobe released from the film and introduced into a surrounding medium andbe precisely controlled by controlling the concentration of thesubstance present in the film, and the size of the piece of filmutilized.

Films utilized in connection with the present invention may optionallyinclude a fragrance. In certain processes, such as the analysis ofbiological samples, the inclusion of a fragrance agent can mask the odoroften emitted by such samples, thereby improving the workingenvironment.

It is comprehended by the present invention that any suitable substancecan be used or provided in conjunction with the dissolvable film.According to one embodiment, the film is utilized in conjunction withmagnetically-responsive particles. In this embodiment,magnetically-responsive particles may be separate from the film, orintroduced into the film in any suitable manner. For instance, aspreviously described, the particles can be introduced into the solutionor slurry that forms the film so that upon casting and drying the filmcomprises magnetically-responsive particles dispersed within, andtrapped by, a dissolvable matrix. Alternatively, the particles may beincorporated into the film via any of the surface application techniquesof the type described above. Upon dissolution of the film, the magneticparticles are released, and can be, for example, dispersed into asubstance or mixture acting as a solvent.

The magnetically-responsive particles can be coated or uncoated, treatedor untreated, and/or lack any type of surface modification. Themagnetically-responsive particles of the present invention may bedesigned to specifically or non-specifically bind to a target substance.The magnetically-responsive particles may bind to the target substancevia any suitable mechanism, such as electrostatic attraction. Suchbinding techniques are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,973,138 and 6,433,160, the entire contents of which are incorporatedherein by reference.

Suitable magnetically-responsive particles may be composed of iron oxidein forms such as ferric hydroxide and ferrosoferric oxide, which havelow solubility in an aqueous environment. Other iron particles such asiron sulfide and iron chloride may also be suitable for binding totarget substances. In addition, the particles may be composed ofsilica-coated magnetically-responsive particles.

The substance may comprise one or more reagents, such as a lysing agentor protein denaturant, an aprotic solvent, an alkaline agent, or aneutralization buffer. The reagent(s) may be utilized in either liquidor dried-down form. The substance may also comprise one or more reactioncomponents, such as a salt, metal, enzyme, oligonucleotide, primer,additional nucleic acid, or protein. Exemplary salts include EDTA,sodium chloride and potassium chloride. Examples of metals includemagnesium, manganese, calcium and other trace metals. In addition, thesubstance may comprise a stabilization component or media components.

The substance may comprise a material (other thanmagnetically-responsive particles) that is used to purify, extract,amplify or detect nucleic acids or other biological agents. Suchprocesses and substances are described, for example, in U.S. patentapplication Ser. Nos. 10/359,179 and 10/359,180, the entire contents ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference. In this regard, thesubstance may comprise a material used to reversibly bind to a nucleicacid such as silica particles, silica-coated particles, silica coatedmembranes, silica gel, hydrated and hydroxylated silica surfaces, glasspowder, glass fiber mats, glass membranes, zeolites, ceramics, orpolymeric particles coated with a metal oxide or iron salt.

It is comprehended by the present invention that a combination of one ormore substances may be utilized in conjunction with the readilydissolvable film. For instance, a combination of one or more of theabove-described substances may be utilized.

When the substance is in particulate form, the shape of the particles isnot critical to the present invention. The particles may be of variousshapes including, for example, spheres, cubes, oval, capsule-shaped,tablet-shaped, nondescript random shapes, etc., and may be of uniformshape or non-uniform shape. The particles can also have any suitablesize. For example, the particles can have an average diameter rangingfrom sub-micron dimensions to a few microns.

Having described various embodiments and characteristics of the filmutilized in connection with the present invention, various exemplarymethods utilizing the same will now be described.

A first embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustratedin FIGS. 1A-1G. As illustrated therein, a container 10 is provided thatmay comprise a suitable opening 20 therein. The container 10 may takeany suitable form. According to the illustrated embodiment, thecontainer 10 can generally be in the form of a tube. However, otherconstructions are contemplated, such as a microwell or array ofmicrowells, a bottle, or a Petridish. A substance 30 is first introducedinto the container (FIG. 1A). The substance 30 can have any suitablecomposition, such as any of the materials identified above for use inconjunction with the readily dissolvable film. According to oneembodiment of the present invention, the substance 30 can comprisemagnetically-responsive particles having a composition and formaccording to the previous description. Any suitable technique may beutilized to introduce substance 30. For example, the substance 30 may beintroduced by hand or an automated robotic device.

A readily dissolvable film 40 is then positioned over the opening 20 ofthe container 10 (FIG. 1B). The film 40 can have any suitablecomposition and/or construction, such as any of the compositions and/orconstructions previously described herein. The film 40 can be in theform of a segment that is long enough to span the opening 20, andpreferably extend well beyond the boundaries of the opening 20.Alternatively, the film 40 may be in the form of a “continuous” web orroll of such film that is fed over the opening 20 (not shown). The film40 is then introduced into the container 10 by any suitable mechanism(FIGS. 1C and 1D). According to one embodiment, the film 40 isintroduced into the container 10 by a plunger/punch device 50.

The film 40 is positioned within the container 10. The film 40 can beplaced at any appropriate location in the container 10. According to theillustrated embodiment, the film 40 is placed such that is overlies thesubstance 30. Any suitable mechanism or technique may be utilized toposition the film 40 within the container 10. According to theillustrated embodiment, the film 40 is pushed down into the container 10by movement of the plunger/punch device 50 in the longitudinal directionindicated as D₁ (FIGS. 1C and 1D). Once the film 40 has been properlypositioned, the plunger/punch device 50 is withdrawn from the container10 by withdrawing the plunger/punch device 50 in the oppositelongitudinal direction D₂ (FIG. 1E). Other techniques or mechanisms forplacing the film 40 are contemplated. For example, the film 40 may becut into a piece having a suitable dimension and gravity-fed into thetube, optionally through a chute or funnel. The film may also be foldedprior to being gravity-fed into the tube. According to anotheralternative, the film is cut to a specific dimension, then fed into thetube by the use of one or more of a vacuum or positive air pressure. Forinstance the film is cut above the tube and positive air pressure isused to force the cut film down into the tube. Alternatively, the filmis cut at a remote location relative to the tube, a suction deviceemploying a vacuum is used to attach to the film and relocate itproximate to the opening of the tube. The vacuum can then be reversedand the film forced down into the tube with positive air pressure.

As shown in the illustrated embodiment, film 40 overlies the substance30 in a manner such that the substance 30 is substantially trapped inthe bottom of the container 10, thereby substantially preventingdislocation of the substance 30 thus preventing an undesirablescattering of the substance 30 along the sidewalls of the container 10(FIG. 1E).

Further optional steps may be performed in the context of theabove-described embodiment. For instance, a material or mixture 60 mayalso be introduced into the container 10 (FIG. 1F). The material ormixture 60 may optionally include a second substance 70. It iscontemplated that material or mixture 60 may include other substances,in addition to the second substance 70. The material or mixture 60 aswell as the second substance 70 may have any suitable form orcomposition. According to one embodiment, the material or mixture 60comprises a biological sample, and the second substance 70 comprises aconstituent component thereof, e.g., cells, microorganisms, nucleicacids, proteins, lipids or carbohydrates. The material or mixture 60acts as a solvent thereby dissolving the film 40. The material ormixture 60 may optionally include one or more added reagents combinedtherewith. Upon dissolution of the film 40, the substance 30, which waspreviously trapped against the bottom of the container 10 is freed andcan be disbursed within the material or mixture 60 (FIG. 1G).

The description of the previous method, as well as the followingdescription of additional methods, should be read with the understandingthat it is contemplated that the methods may consist of, or be limitedsolely to those steps described herein, that steps in addition to thoseexplicitly described herein may be incorporated into the describedmethods, that methods comprising subcombinations of the various stepsdescribed herein may be practiced, and that methods comprising stepsperformed in an order different than that described herein may also bepracticed. All of these permutations are comprehended by the presentinvention.

A second embodiment of the present invention is schematicallyillustrated in FIGS. 2A-2G. Generally speaking, this illustratedembodiment of the present invention is substantially similar to thepreviously described embodiment. Thus, the constituent components andsteps previously described in connection with the first embodimentdiscussed above should be attributed to the second embodiment as well,unless explicitly noted otherwise in the following description. Asillustrated, a suitable container 10 is provided, preferably with anopening 20. A dissolvable film 40′ is positioned such that it overliesthe opening 20 of container 10 (FIG. 2B). The dissolvable film 40′ issubstantially similar to the previously described dissolvable film, withthe following primary distinction. Namely, the dissolvable film 40′ isformed such that a substance 30′ is incorporated therein. The substance30′ may be the same as substance 30. As previously noted, a film havingthis construction can be formed by any suitable technique. For example,a slurry solution can be formed comprising a constituent components ofthe dissolvable film 40′ including substance 30′. Upon casting anddrying of the slurry or solution, a dissolvable film 40′ is providedwhich is composed of a dissolvable matrix having substance 30′ trappedwithin, and contained by the dissolvable matrix. Alternatively, thesubstance 30 may be incorporated into a film by any of the previouslydescribed surface application techniques.

The dissolvable film 40′ is then introduced and positioned at anysuitable location within the container 10 by any suitable mechanism ortechnique. As illustrated, the dissolvable film 40′ may be introducedand positioned by a longitudinally movable plunger/punch device 50. Theplunger/punch device 50 is made to travel in a first longitudinaldirection D₁ (FIGS. 2C and 2D). Once the dissolvable film 40′ has beenproperly positioned within the container 10, the plunger/punch device 50is withdrawn via movement in the opposite longitudinal direction D₂(FIG. 2E). The film 40′ may also be positioned within the container byany of the alternative techniques described above in connection with thefirst embodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 2E, the dissolvable film 40′ ispositioned at the bottom of container 10, thereby insuring that theentirety of the film 40′ is contacted by additional substances which maybe introduced into the container 10.

Additional optional steps may also be performed in conjunction with theabove-described process. Namely, as described in connection with thefirst illustrated embodiment, material or mixture 60 may be introducedinto the container 10 (FIG. 2F). The material or mixture 60 mayoptionally include a second substance 70 contained therein. The materialor mixture 60 may also optionally include one or more reagents. Thematerial or mixture 60 as well as the second substance 70 may have anysuitable composition or form. According to one optional embodiment, thematerial or mixture 60 comprises biological sample, and the secondsubstance 70 comprises a consistent component thereof, e.g., cells,microorganisms, nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, or carbohydrates. Thematerial or mixture 60 acts as a solvent, thereby breaking apart thedissolvable matrix of the film 40′, and releasing the substance 30′.Once released, the substance 30′ can be disbursed within the material ormixture 60.

The above-described principles of the present invention can be employedin a number of different scientific and industrial contexts. Generallyspeaking, the principles of the present invention are useful in anyarrangement and/or process in which combinations of accurate amounts ofvarious constituent components are needed or desirable.

One potential application of the principles of the present invention isthe isolation and/or separation of constituent components contained inbiological samples. In this context, the container 10 comprises anextraction tube, the substance 30 (or 30′) comprisesmagnetically-responsive particles, the material or mixture 60 comprisesa biological sample, possibly combined with additional agents orcomponents thereby forming a mixture, and the second substance 70comprises a constituent component present in the mixture 60, e.g.,cells, microorganisms, or nucleic acids.

The methods disclosed above in connection with the description of theembodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1A-1G and FIGS. 2A-2G can be used asthe initial stages of such an isolation or separation technique. FIGS.3A-3F schematically illustrate additional steps which may be performedin conjunction with the previously described steps to carry out anillustrative isolation and/or separation technique. It should beunderstood that the principles of the present invention can be utilizedwith numerous types of extraction and/or isolation techniques, andshould not be viewed as being limited by the following description ofthe illustrated embodiment.

The mixture 60, comprising the substance 30 (or 30′) and a constituenttarget component of the biological sample 70, formed as described above,and illustrated, for example, in FIG. 1G and FIG. 2G, is manipulatedsuch that the magnetically responsive particles 30 and the constituentcomponent 70 are bound together, thereby forming a complex (FIG. 3A).Any suitable technique may be utilized to bind the magnetic particles 30with the constituent component. One such technique involves modificationof the pH of the mixture 60, thereby altering the surface attractionproperties of the magnetic particles 30 and/or the constituent component70 such that the mutual attraction therebetween is sufficient to bindthe two together. One or more magnets 80 are then brought into closeproximity with one or more walls of the container, thereby attractingthe above-described complex to the wall(s) of the container 10 beingsubjected to the magnetic field by the magnets 80 (FIG. 3B). Theremainder of the mixture 60 can then be removed from the container asillustrated in FIG. 3B. The complex may then be subjected to one or morewashing steps. Once the remainder has been removed (FIG. 3C) a secondmaterial or mixture 90 can then be introduced into the container 10. Thesecond material or mixture 90 can comprise an elution solution ormixture that causes the magnetic particles 30 and the constituentcomponent 70 to disassociate (FIG. 3D). The magnets 80 can then bebrought back into close proximity with one or more walls of thecontainer 10, as illustrated in FIG. 3E. The constituent component 70can then be removed from the container and subjected to further optionalprocessing steps (FIGS. 3E-3F).

Subsequent to the step illustrated in FIG. 3F, constituent component 70can be subjected to additional processes, such as techniques to detectand/or quantify target analytes. For example, any suitable method ofamplification may be used in the methods of the invention. Such methodsinclude, for example, polymerase chain reaction (“PCR”), StrandDisplacement Amplification (“SDA”), thermophilic Strand DisplacementAmplification (“tSDA”), Self-Sustained Sequence Replication (“3SR”),Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification (“NASBA”), Qβ replicasesystems; Ligase Chain Reaction (“LCR”), and transcription-mediatedamplification (“TMA”).

Subsequent to cultivation or amplification, an assay may be conducted.For example, an analysis can be performed to determine the presence ofpathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae(GC), Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, ChlamydiaceaeFamily, Herpes Simplex Virus-1, Herpes Simplex Virus-2, Enterovirus,HIV, HCV, HBV, HPV, West Nile Virus, Influenza A, Influenza B,Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Metapneumovirus, Mycobacterium AviumComplex Direct, Group B Streptococcus, CMV Qualitative, CMVQuantitative, Parainfluenza 1/2/3, Adenovirus, Legionella genus,Legionell micdadei, Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis,Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis Culture Confirmation, Mycobacterium AviumComplex Culture Confirmation and M. Kansasii Culture Confirmation.Suitable techniques for performing this analysis include the techniqueembodied in the BDProbeTec™ product manufactured by Becton, Dickinsonand Company. Also, genetic testing of nucleic acids present in a samplemay be performed.

The above-described steps of FIGS. 1A-1G, 2A-2G and 3A-3F as well as theabove-referenced amplification techniques may be carried out manually,in automated fashion or by a combination of manual and automated steps.The automated steps may be performed with an automated robotic device,which optionally includes automated pipetting, mixing, and magnetpositioning functionality. The automated robotic device may be computercontrolled. For example, the present invention may be utilized inconnection with systems and methods of the type described in U.S. Pat.No. 6,672,458, the content of which is incorporated herein by referencein its entirety.

Kits useful in the methods of the present invention comprise at leastsome of the components already described herein, including for example,a container, a first substance and a readily dissolvable film. In oneembodiment, the readily dissolvable film contains the first substance.In an additional embodiment, the first substance and the readilydissolvable film are separate. The kits may optionally contain one ormore of the following components previously described herein: reagents;reaction components; stabilization components; media components;magnetically responsive particles; and materials that reversibly bindthe nucleic acid. Optionally associated with such kits can be a noticein the form prescribed by a governmental agency regulating themanufacture, use or sale of the products, which notice reflects approvalby the agency for manufacture, use or sale for administration. The packor kit can be a single unit use of the components or it can be aplurality of uses.

The principles of the present invention will now be described byreference to the following illustrative, non-limiting examples.

EXAMPLE 1

An experiment was performed to determine the feasibility ofincorporating a dissolvable film into a process of detecting a targetanalyte. In particular, an assay for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) orNeisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) was performed as described below, and ananalysis of the effects of the inclusion of dissolvable films into theprocess was made.

Containers in the form of extraction tubes were provided withmagnetically-responsive particles in the form of iron particlesaccording to the following techniques: (1) Approximately 8 mg ofmagnetically-responsive particles were dispensed into multipleextraction tubes by hand (as a control); (2) Approximately 8 mg ofmagnetically-responsive particles were pipetted into multiple extractiontube by hand, then covered with a dissolvable film in the form of thefollowing commercially-acquired dissolvable films: (a) Listerine CoolMint® strips; (b) Listerine Fresh Burst® strips; and (c) ListerineCinnamon® strips; (3) A dissolvable film formed from a dissolvablecarboxymethyl cellulose material loaded with iron oxide particles. Thedensity of the iron oxide particles present in the film is on the orderof 8.89 mg/1.5 cm². This loaded film was then introduced into anextraction tube with a punch/plunger type device.

A solution of Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) was dispensed into eachextraction tube containing the magnetically-responsive particles. Thehigh pH KOH solution was dispensed by an automated robotic device,namely the BD Viper™ automated extractor device.

Urine samples were then dispensed into the extraction tubes, also by theautomated robotic device. The urine samples are spiked to a level of 250CT Ebs-250 GC parts/ml, and mixed with a high pH solution to lyse theorganism(s) of interest contained in the sample, thereby releasingnucleic acid. A second solution with a low pH was added to the samplethat binds the released nucleic acid to the magnetically-responsiveparticles. This solution contained Sulfuric Acid.

A magnetic field was applied to the contents of the extraction tube. Theautomated robotic device brought a pair of opposing magnets into closeproximity with the outside of the tube, thereby drawing the complex tothe inner periphery of the tube. The automated robotic device thenaspirated the contents of the tube, leaving the complex therein, and themagnetic field was removed from the container.

The complex was then washed with a 1 mM concentration solutioncontaining 0.01% Tween® 20. After washing, the magnetic field wasreapplied to draw the complex to the inner periphery of the tube, andthe wash was aspirated out of the tube.

An elution buffer solution was then added to the extraction tube, andmixed, to elute the nucleic acid from the complex. The elution buffersolution comprised a mixture based on a combination of KOH and Bicine.The elution buffer was added and mixed by the automated robotic device.The eluted sample nucleic acid was then separated and subjected to thefollowing strand displacement amplification process (SDA).

An analyte-specific binding moiety was linked to the oligonucleotidemoiety and mixed with the elution buffer mentioned above. The elutionbuffer containing the target was added to the priming microwellscontaining SDA primers CTpB4.S2.3, CTpB4.S1.3, or GCINT3.APR1,GCINT3.APL2, adapters ICAdpt.10, GCINT3.R2, or CTAdpt-F5, bumpersGCINT3.BR3, GCINT3.BL2, or CTpB4.B6, CTpB4.B7 and reporter probesMPC-DR, MPC3.FD, or MPC-FD. After 20 minutes at room temperature themixture was then heated to 72-73° C. for 10 minutes. 100 μl of themixture was then added to a 53.5-54.5° C. amplification wells.Specifically, commercially available BDProbeTec™ amplification wellswere used.

BsoB1 restriction endonuclease and Bst DNA polymerase were added to theamplification wells and isothermal amplification was carried out for 60minutes at 51.2-52.80° C. The amplification process was monitored with aBDProbeTec™ reader, which detected the fluorescent increase associatedwith reporter probe conversion. The reader produces MOTA (Measure OtherThan Acceleration) values based on the detection of the above-describedfluorescence during the amplification process. The MOTA values generatedfor the above-described samples are reported below in Table I and TableII.

TABLE I CT Assay With Dissolvable Film Average Tube MOTA Value Control41,643 Listerine Cool Mint ® 30,740 Listerine Fresh Burst ® 27,190Listerine Cinnamon ® 26,020 Dissolvable film loaded 28,605 with ironoxide

TABLE II GC Assay With Dissolvable Film Average Tube MOTA Value Control21,442 Listerine Cool Mint ® 22,242 Listerine Fresh Burst ® 32,318Listerine Cinnamon ® 24,199 Dissolvable film loaded 28,818 with ironoxide

For the above-reported assay, MOTA values greater than 2,000 areconsidered indicative of a positive result for the CT or GC target. Withthese criteria in mind, the above-reported data indicates that inclusionof the dissolvable film in the process did not significantly inhibit theextraction or amplification of the target sequence in obtaining apositive indication of the presence of the target during the assay.

EXAMPLE 2

An experiment was performed to determine the feasibility ofincorporating a dissolvable film into a process of amplifying anddetecting a RNA target, namely a SARS Co-V target sequence, as describedbelow.

A SARS Co-V positive control tube was used as the target for the RT-SDAassay. The SARS Co-V positive control tube contained SAR Co-V PositiveControl RNA Transcript, yeast RNA, and RNase Inhibitor. A negative SARSCo-V control was also used containing yeast RNA and RNase Inhibitor.Each SARS Co-V control tube was rehydrated with 950 μl of nuclease-freewater and vortexed.

A working stock RT buffer was prepared by mixing the primaryconstituents nuclease-free water, RNase inhibitor, SARS Co-V internalamplification control, reverse transcriptase, KOH and Bicine.

The dissolvable film utilized in this experiment was clear carboxymethylcellulose (without iron oxide). The film was cut into segments ofvarying sizes and placed into the SARS Co-V RT priming microwellscontaining nucleotides dCsTP, dATP, dGTP, dTTP, SDA primers SARSrpC,SARfpC, adapters SARSiacadC, SARSmpcadC, bumper SARSCrtB24, and reporterprobes MPC-DR and MPC2.FD.

Positive or negative control and the working stock RT buffer were addedto each of the respective SARS Co-V RT Priming microwells. After theSARS Co-V RT Priming microwells were heated to 48° C. for 20 minutes asecond buffer primarily composed of Bicine and KOH was added to eachreaction. The SARS Co-V RT Priming microwells were then heated to 72-73°C. for 10 minutes. 100 μl of the mixture was then added to a 53.5-54.5°C. amplification wells.

BsoB1 restriction endonuclease and Bst DNA polymerase were added to theamplification wells and isothermal amplification was carried out for 60minutes at 51.2-52.8° C. The amplification process was monitored with aBDProbeTec™ reader, which detected the fluorescent increase associatedwith reporter probe conversion. The reader produces MOTA values based onthe detection of the above-described reference values during theamplification process. These values are measured starting 3-7 minutessubsequent to the beginning of the amplification. The MOTA valuesgenerated for the above-described samples are reported below in TableIII.

TABLE III RT-SDA Reaction With Dissolvable Film Dissolvable Film AverageMOTA Size Value None (Control) 64447 3 × 3 mm 77269 4 × 4 mm 63519 5 × 5mm 68779

The above reported data indicates that the inclusion of the dissolvablefilm in the RT-SDA reaction did not inhibit the reverse transcription ofRNA to DNA or the amplification of the target sequence in obtaining apositive indication of the presence of the target during the assay.

EXAMPLE 3

An experiment was performed to determine the feasibility of inclusion ofa dissolvable film into a PCR amplification procedure, performed asdescribed below. A plasmid construct pUC19-T. vaginalis was used as thetemplate for the PCR process.

The film utilized in the experiments was carboxymethyl cellulose. Thefilm was cut into segments of varying sizes and then placed into PCRthermowell tubes, and labeled as set forth below.

An array of PCR tubes were set up to perform the following reactions setforth in Table IV.

TABLE IV PCR Reaction Set-Up Reaction Tube Sample 1 PCR positive control(TV1) (no film) 2 PCR negative control (no TV1) (no film) 3 Filmnegative control (no TV1) (2 × 4 mm) 4 Film test PCR 1 (2 × 3 mm) (TV1)5 Film test PCR 2 (2 × 4 mm) (TV1) 6 Film test PCR 3 (2 × 6 mm) (TV1) 7Film test PCR 4 (2 × 10 mm) (TV1) 8 Film test PCR 5 (3 × 10 mm)(TV1)

A 1×PCR reaction solution was prepared for addition to each of thetubes. The solution was prepared according to the composition of TableV.

TABLE V PCR Reaction Solution Composition Constituent AmountConcentration Source T. vaginalis (TV1) 11.2 μL    89 ng/μL BectonDickinson Pfu buffer 100 μL   10x Stratagene DNTP 20 μL  10 mMStratagene TV1 (primer - 1) 10 μL  10 μM IDT TV2 (primer - 2) 10 μL  10μM IDT Pfu enzyme (cloned) 10 μL 2.5 U/μL Stratagene Water 838.8 μL  n/a Becton Dickinson TOTAL = 1000 μL 

A 98.88 μL aliquot of the 1× solution was introduced into each of the 8reaction tubes. A 1.12 μL charge of TV1 was added to tubes 1, 4, 5, 6, 7and 8, and 1.12 μL of water was added to each of tubes 2 and 3. Thetubes were then placed into a MJ Research Peltier Thermal Cycler (modelPTC-200) and incubated under the conditions detailed in Table VI:

TABLE VI Incubation Conditions Step Temperature Time Cycles 1 95° C.  5min  1 2 95° C. 45 sec 35 3 52° C. 45 sec 35 4 72° C. 90 sec 35 5 72° C.10 min 35 6  4° C. indefinite n/a

A gel analysis of the PCR reaction product was then performed to gaugethe results of the PCR amplification process. In this regard, a 1%agarose gel was prepared. Ethidium bromide was added to a finalconcentration of 0.5 μg/mL (10 μg if the 5 mg/mL stock into 100 mL ofagarose mixture). A 40 ml amount of gel was poured and ran at 90V for 1hour in 1×TBE according to the schedule set forth in Table VII.

TABLE VII PCR Gel Set-Up Lane Sample Comments 1 Hyperladder  5 μLhyperladder 2 PCR positive control (TV1) 10 μL PCR + 1 μL 10x loadingdye 3 PCR negative control 10 μL PCR + 1 μL 10x loading dye (no TV1) 4Film negative control (no 10 μL PCR + 1 μL 10x loading dye TV1)(2 × 4mm) 5 Film test PCR 1 (TV1) 10 μL PCR + 1 μL 10x loading dye (2 × 3 mm)6 Film test PCR 2 (TV1) 10 μL PCR + 1 μL 10x loading dye (2 × 4 mm) 7Film test PCR 3 (TV1) 10 μL PCR + 1 μL 10x loading dye (2 × 6 mm) 8 Filmtest PCR 4 (TV1) 10 μL PCR + 1 μL 10x loading dye (2 × 10 mm) 9 Filmtest PCR 5 (TV1) 10 μL PCR + 1 μL 10x loading dye (3 × 10 mm) 10 Filmtest PCR 6 (TV1) 10 μL PCR + 1 μL 10x loading dye (2 × 9 mm) 11 Empty 12Hyperladder  5 μL hyperladder

The results of the gel run are illustrated in FIG. 4, and indicate asuccessful PCR procedure, thereby indicating that the presence of thedissolvable film did not act as an inhibitor or otherwise disrupt thePCR procedure. As indicated in FIG. 4, the presence of dissolvable filmof a size of up to 30 mm² does not inhibit the PCR process.

EXAMPLE 4

An experiment was performed to determine the feasibility ofincorporating a dissolvable film into a process of amplifying anddetecting a DNA target, namely a Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) or Neisseriagonorrhoeae (GC) target sequences, as described below.

A CT/GC positive control tube was used as the target for the CT/GCDiplex SDA assays. The CT/GC positive control tube contained CT/GCpositive control plasmid, salmon sperm DNA, and control dry downdiluent. A negative CT/GC control was also used containing salmon spermDNA, and control dry down diluent. Each CT/GC control tube wasrehydrated with 2 ml of sample diluent and vortexed.

All control tubes were heat lysed at 114° C. for 30 minutes. Eachcontrol tube was then allowed to cool down for at least 15 minutes priorto testing.

The dissolvable film utilized in this experiment was clear carboxymethylcellulose (without iron oxide). The film was cut into segments ofvarying sizes and placed into the CT/GC priming microwells containingSDA primers CTpB4.S2.3, CTpB4.S1.3, or GCINT3.APR1, GCINT3.APL2,adapters ICAdpt.10, GCINT3.R2, or CTAdpt-F5, bumpers GCINT3.BR3,GCINT3.BL2, CTpB4.B or CTpB4.B7 and reporter probes MPC-DR, MPC3.FD, orMPC-FD.

Positive or negative controls were added to each of the respective CT/GCpriming microwells. The CT/GC priming microwells were then heated to72-73° C. for 10 minutes. 100 μl of the mixture was then added to a53.5-54.5° C. CT/GC amplification microwells.

The amplification microwells were then added to BD ProbeTec™ model 1334reader where an isothermal amplification was carried out for 60 minutesat 51.2-52.8° C. The amplification process was monitored by observingthe fluorescence increase associated with conversion of the reporterprobed. The reader produces MOTA values based on the detection of theabove-described reference values during the amplification process. Thesevalues are measured starting 3-7 minutes subsequent to the beginning ofthe amplification. The MOTA values generated for the above-describedsamples are reported below in Table VIII (CT) and Table IX (GC).

TABLE VIII MOTA Values For CT Samples CT Negative Control PositiveControl No Film 3 × 3 4 × 4 5 × 5 No Film 3 × 3 4 × 4 5 × 5 (Control) mmmm mm (Control) mm mm mm 500 830 0 500 54860 70590 62530 48860 950 370 00 58520 68010 69850 59460 300 440 0 0 55840 63250 76160 78750 Average:583 547 0 167 56407 67283 69513 62357 STDEV: 333 248 0 289 1895 37246821 15154

TABLE IX MOTA Values For GC Samples GC Negative Control Positive ControlNo Film 3 × 3 4 × 4 5 × 5 No Film 3 × 3 4 × 4 5 × 5 (Control) mm mm mm(Control) mm mm mm 160 0 0 0 17680 23230 18210 40750 370 0 0 0 2636030270 22130 59710 70 0 0 0 20090 30810 30470 43560 Average: 200 0 0 021377 28103 23603 48007 STDEV: 154 0 0 0 4481 4229 6261 10232

The data shown above illustrates the feasibility of utilizingdissolvable film directly in a Diplex SDA reaction. Insertion of thefilm directly into the SDA amplification microwells does not inhibit thereaction.

EXAMPLE 5

An experiment was performed to determine if the dissolvable film wouldinterfere with the extraction procedure. An extraction control (EC) is alabeled oligonucleotide included with the extraction mixture. Thefluorescence of the label is monitored to determine if the extractionprocess is successful. Two dissolvable films (containing iron oxide) andtwo types of iron oxide particles were tested to determine their effect,if any, on the extraction process.

Containers in the form of extraction tubes were provided withmagnetically-responsive particles according to the following techniques:(1) Approximately 9 mg iron particles (particle sample A or particlesample B) dispensed into the extraction tube; or (2) A dissolvable film(film sample A or film sample B) loaded with iron particles at aconcentration of 9.9 mg/1.77 cm². Positive control tubes included thefluorescently-labeled extraction control oligonucleotide, while thenegative controls contained no extraction control. The remainder of theextraction process was completed as described in Example 1. Thefluorescence of the labeled EC oligonucleotide was then measured todetermine if extraction was successful. No amplification steps wereperformed on the samples.

The results of the extraction are shown in Tables X (CT) and XI (GC).These tables illustrate an EC metric which utilizes a 0.5 value forpositive results. Values below 0.5 are considered a negative result.

TABLE X Effect of Iron Particles on CT Extraction Process CT ASSAYSample Sample Sample Sample Film A Powder A Film B Powder B w/out w/outw/ w/out w/out w/EC EC w/EC EC EC EC w/EC EC 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.70.2 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.80.3 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.70.2 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.60.3 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.90.2 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.7 0.2Average: 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2

TABLE XI Effect of Iron Particles on GC Extraction Process GC ASSAYSample Sample Sample Sample Film A Powder A Film B Powder B w/out w/outw/out w/out w/EC EC w/EC EC w/EC EC w/EC EC 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.70.2 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.80.3 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.80.2 0.6 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.60.3 0.9 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.90.2 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.9 0.2 1.0 0.2 0.7 0.2Average: 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.2

The data illustrates no adverse effect on the ability to extract theExtraction Control with the incorporation of iron particles, eitherembedded in dissolvable film or as free iron particles. The positiveaverage values recorded for all dissolvable film samples (0.7 and 0.8)indicate a successful extraction process.

EXAMPLE 6

An experiment was performed to determine the feasibility ofincorporating the dissolvable film into a process of detecting a targetanalyte in different types of samples. In particular, an assay for CT orGC was performed as described below. An analysis of the effects of thedissolvable film was made.

Four types of samples were used in the present assay: Urine, SampleDiluent, Clinical Urine and Vaginal Swabs. A “Urine” sample is anin-house sample pool collected from healthy donors. “Sample Diluent”refers to a current BD ProbeTec™ sample buffer that is used to rehydratecontrol tubes as well as the matrix into which swabs are expressed.“Clinical Urine” refers to urine specimens obtained from people who havebeen diagnoses with a condition or illness. The extraction tubes wereprovided with magnetically-responsive particles in the form of one oftwo types of dissolvable films (Sample Film A and Sample Film B) loadedwith iron oxide particles at concentrations of 9.7 mg/1.77 cm² and 10.6mg/cm², respectively. The samples were extracted and amplified asdescribed in Example 1. The MOTA values generated for theabove-described samples are reported below in Tables XII and XIII.

TABLE XII Evaluation of CT Assay In Different Sample Types CT ASSAYSample Matrix: Sample Diluent Clinical Urine Urine Vaginal Swabs SampleFilm Type: A B A B A B A B 37040 20060 16410 23450 20240 41760 4111025800 9010 17170 31540 9350 15020 21860 50930 29370 25110 25180 1376024860 34290 19750 41340 68720 11570 29080 41780 16900 18920 21380 4610028210 18860 10380 43450 26910 13680 28000 47110 23030 27610 22440 1550033470 11930 9320 64920 25010 15040 21410 15660 11530 14780 36460 1716018500 28580 18650 20940 31230 17920 20200 23730 37400 19590 35620 6101061900 39110 21010 29230 50110 9890 15320 10770 13450 11030 18690 3213029460 23970 10210 16710 14460 32700 29110 22800 16320 11990 12890 3160032300 16800 9940 51360 30030 Average: 19855 19868 26594 24984 2053523123 38993 31830

TABLE XIII Evaluation of GC Assay In Different Sample Types GC ASSAYSample Matrix: Sample Diluent Clinical Urine Urine Vaginal Swabs SampleFilm Type: A B A B A B A B 15020 28380 18860 14510 24650 15710 1461011420 12130 13440 16240 9720 17760 37330 29670 14460 15650 11260 960015460 22280 30170 13870 21400 19440 16920 24540 15540 19640 47410 902015600 22420 15470 35040 25600 27810 28570 7820 10040 12540 18220 4059024420 22540 34940 14170 13310 28360 30320 17860 23140 58940 20230 1367020250 17260 12160 20960 15690 32060 16390 18480 24100 22000 15580 137509170 17060 20170 10620 18990 17380 10640 29850 9780 10480 13230 972016590 15220 15920 17190 13580 11090 26180 12850 16210 17570 12450 1514036990 11040 16110 11600 27910 Average: 17916 16730 21635 17800 2294625537 13842 17523

The above data shows that inclusion of either type of dissolvable filmdid not significantly inhibit the extraction or amplification of thetarget sequence in any of the four sample types.

EXAMPLE 7

An experiment was performed to determine if the magnetically-responsiveparticles, in the form of iron powder or dissolvable film, wouldinterfere in the process of detecting a target analyte. The experimentevaluated the effect of the dissolvable film in both a SDA monoplex anddiplex system. In particular, an assay for CT utilizing Sample Diluentand Urine Pool samples were performed as described below.

In a monoplex assay, a universal detector probe is utilized forreal-time fluorescence energy transfer detection of a target. A diplexassay utilizes an internal amplification control (IAC) in addition tothe detector probe. The IAC is co-amplified with the target DNA toidentify samples that may contain inhibitors of the SDA reaction.

In the present Example, the extraction tubes were provided with ironparticles in the form of free iron powder or a dissolvable film loadedwith iron particles at a concentration of approximately 9.0 mg/1.77 cm².The samples were extracted and amplified as described previously inExample 1. Results are shown in Tables XIV and XV. The Tables show “PAT”values. “PAT” refers to Passes After Threshold, an algorithm used indetermining positive samples. A signal is timed to a predeterminedthreshold value, which is then subtracted by the number of passes the BDProbeTec™ performs. A higher final PAT value indicates the samplereached the threshold resulting in a positive result at a faster ratethan a sample with a lower value. A PAT equal to zero is considerednegative. Therefore, values above zero indicate positive results.

TABLE XIV CT Monoplex and Diplex Assay With Sample Diluent SampleDiluent Diplex Assay Monoplex Assay Film Powder Film Powder 43.91 43.4150.84 52.58 47.35 43.41 51.95 52.35 44.76 43.91 51.65 52.43 48.22 4552.46 52.49 46.18 43.48 52.28 52.5 47.59 44.03 52.34 52.12 45.08 45.6352.49 52.5 45.89 44.52 52.29 51.41 44.36 48.2 52.24 52.11 46.67 47.7652.35 52.22 46.22 47.7 52.2 52.33 44.7 47.27 52.22 52.15 Average: 46 4552 52

TABLE XV CT Monoplex and Diplex Assay With Urine Pool Urine Pool DiplexAssay Monoplex Assay Film Powder Film Powder 43.32 45.47 52.37 52.142.55 45.9 52.07 52.26 45.83 45.63 52.09 52.31 45.6 46.55 52.4 52.4446.97 46.23 52.55 52.29 44.09 45.97 52.36 52.36 46.34 46.29 52.37 52.3946.03 44.95 52.35 52.32 46.3 47.72 52.51 52.21 45.38 44.1 52.44 51.9746.41 48.01 52.02 51.97 44.88 43.64 51.38 52.18 Average 45 46 52 52

The data displayed in Tables XIV and XV illustrate that the dissolvablefilm performed as well as the free iron powder in both the monoplex anddiplex assays. The positive PAT values indicate successful amplificationof the target in both assays.

EXAMPLE 8

An experiment was performed to determine the optimum mixing parametersfor the BD Viper™ automated extractor device to insure dissolution ofthe dissolvable film with the incorporated iron oxide. This allows thetarget DNA ample time to be bound and captured by the iron particles.This experiment evaluated multiple mixing parameters on the BD Viper™instrument.

The extraction procedures for the present experiment are the same asthose described in Example 1 with the modifications described below.Eight different sample conditions were tested, as described in TableXVI. Six duplicate tubes were prepared for each condition. Theextraction tubes were provided with dissolvable film containing ironparticles at a concentration of 9.8 mg/1.77 cm². The Sample Diluent wasthen added to the extraction tubes and mixed at a specified volumes andspeeds. This experiment was run to eliminate a twenty-second pause inthe current BD Viper™ program. The control extraction tubes were exposedto KOH and mixed 5 times. The tubes were then incubated for 20 secondsto allow dissolution. This incubation was followed by one mixing stepwith a binding acid mixture containing 3.75M sulfuric acid and anextraction control. In the subsequent test conditions the KOH mix anddissolution pause was removed. The mixing speed and number of mixingrepetitions were also varied as indicated in Table XVI. The color of thefluid within the sample tips of the BD Viper™ instrument was visuallynoted. The iron oxide powder is black and the sample diluent clear.Therefore, an acceptable mixing result was achieved when the fluid inthe sample tip was completely black, indicating complete mixing. Theresulting color in the tips was rated as follows: (0)=Poor; (1)=Fair;(2)=Good; (3)=Very Good.

TABLE XVI Optimization Of Mixing Parameters Sam- Time ple Test MixingMixing # of For # Conditions: Speed Volume Mixes Step Results 1 1stAcid + 50% 438 ul (50%) 10 27 sec. 0 EC Mix 2nd Acid + 80% 700 ul 5 17sec. EC Mix 2 1st Acid + 80% 612 ul (70%) 10 27 sec. 0 EC Mix 2nd Acid +50% 700 ul 5 17 sec. EC Mix 3 1st Acid + 80% 612 ul (70%) 10 27 sec. 2EC Mix 2nd Acid + 80% 700 ul 10 30 sec. EC Mix 4 1st Acid + 80% 612 ul(70%) 5 14 sec. 0 EC Mix 2nd Acid + 50% 700 ul 10 34 sec. EC Mix 5 1stAcid + 50% 612 ul (70%) 5 14 sec. 1 EC Mix 2nd Acid + 80% 700 ul 10 30sec. EC Mix 6 1st Acid + 50% 612 ul (70%) 10 27 sec. 2 EC Mix 2nd Acid +80% 700 ul 10 30 sec. EC Mix 7 1st Acid + 80% 438 ul (50%) 10 27 sec. 2EC Mix 2nd Acid + 80% 700 ul 10 30 sec. EC Mix 8 1st Acid + 80% 438 ul(50%) 15 33 sec. 3 EC Mix 2nd Acid + 80% 700 ul 10 30 sec. EC Mix

The above experiment determined that condition #8 (438 μl mixing volumefor 15 mixes followed by 700 μl mixing volume for 10 mixes) was idealfor the complete dissolution of the dissolvable film. This conditionprovided a result of “Very Good” upon visual inspection.

EXAMPLE 9

An experiment was performed to test the optimized parameters describedin Experiment 8. Specifically, a CT assay was performed as describedbelow.

Extraction tubes were provided with magnetically-responsive particles inthe form of either iron powder (Sample Powder A or Sample Powder B) or adissolvable film loaded with iron particles. Vaginal swab samples wereadded to the extraction tubes. The samples were mixed as outlined inExperiment 8 (438 μl mixing volume for 15 mixes followed by 700 μlmixing volume for 10 mixes) and amplified as described in Experiment 1.Results are illustrated in Table XVII and expressed as PAT scores.

TABLE XVII CT Assay Utilizing Optimized Mixing Parameters CT ASSAYDissolvable Film Sample Powder A Sample Powder B Target IAC Target IACTarget IAC 43.40 51.50 38.30 50.40 42.50 52.30 49.60 42.20 45.90 44.5049.60 44.00 43.60 50.70 45.20 46.50 48.30 45.30 45.30 48.80 47.30 41.6042.90 50.80 48.70 39.90 44.70 27.90 46.30 45.30 45.50 49.20 45.70 45.9045.60 48.20 43.50 47.20 43.30 42.20 40.80 48.90 45.10 46.10 44.10 45.4044.50 50.30 43.20 49.70 39.80 48.90 46.40 46.80 46.10 46.90 44.30 46.1047.80 31.60 37.40 49.90 32.70 48.90 44.80 44.60 39.70 46.40 46.60 49.0044.40 48.10 45.00 40.40 44.60 12.80 46.20 35.90 42.30 45.50 44.00 46.7043.20 36.50 43.60 45.20 42.90 25.70 37.00 44.70 41.70 41.10 42.90 42.0042.80 45.10 Average: 44.0 46.3 43.3 41.5 44.6 44.9

The above data illustrates that the optimized mixing parametersdetermined in Experiment 8 result in successful extraction andamplification reactions as indicated by the positive (>0) PAT scores forboth the target and IAC.

EXAMPLE 10

An experiment was performed to test the stability of the dissolvablefilm over one month at varying temperatures. The film was stored at oneof three consistent temperature ranges (2-8° C., 15° C. and 33° C.) forone month. The reagents were removed from storage and tested inextraction/amplification reactions at ambient temperatures. Tables XVIIIthrough XXIII show the results of the CT and GC assays performed on thereagents stored at each temperature range. The experiments wereconducted as previously described in Example 1. Positive (Target) Valuesmeasure amplified CT target. Negative (IAC) Values measure InternalAmplification Control fluorescence. Data is recorded as PAT scores.

TABLE XVIII CT Assay Testing On Film Stored at 2-8° C. 2-8° C. ReagentStorage Condition CT ASSAY Positive (Target) Values Negative (IAC)Values 48.90 50.30 49.80 47.50 44.60 48.20 48.80 49.60 49.20 50.30 48.9049.40 46.20 48.30 49.00 49.70 49.20 50.50 46.00 47.40 46.30 48.30 49.0049.80 50.20 48.40 48.30 49.00 46.30 48.40 49.10 49.80 49.40 47.30 49.4049.10 46.50 48.50 49.10 49.90 50.30 49.50 48.90 48.40 46.50 48.60 49.3050.00 49.80 48.70 48.70 49.00 46.90 48.70 49.30 50.10 49.10 49.00 44.9049.20 47.00 48.70 49.30 50.20 48.20 48.40 48.30 49.40 47.40 48.70 49.3050.60 49.70 48.50 48.30 48.00 47.70 48.80 49.50 50.80 48.40 46.80 47.5046.20 47.70 48.80 49.50 50.80 49.60 49.20 49.90 46.40 48.10 48.80 49.60*Empty Average: 48.68 48.64 No False Positives observed *The IAC dropoutwas result of a BD Viper ™ fluid level error.

TABLE XIX GC Assay Testing On Film Stored at 2-8° C. 2-8° C. ReagentStorage Condition GC ASSAY Positive (Target) Values Negative (IAC)Values 40.20 42.30 42.10 41.00 12.80 42.70 43.90 45.10 41.80 44.70 44.2027.80 36.20 42.70 43.90 45.20 33.50 43.90 43.90 42.00 40.20 43.00 44.2045.20 43.00 42.90 44.90 41.40 40.20 43.20 44.40 45.50 40.90 42.30 44.7044.40 40.20 43.30 44.50 45.80 37.70 44.20 39.70 40.30 40.30 43.30 44.5045.80 43.70 37.80 42.30 42.30 40.70 43.40 44.50 45.90 42.90 37.80 41.6032.50 41.50 43.40 44.80 46.00 41.20 40.10 42.30 42.50 41.50 43.60 45.0046.50 42.20 43.70 45.60 28.70 42.10 43.60 45.00 46.70 43.50 44.70 43.3043.80 42.30 43.70 45.00 47.50 43.70 41.90 41.60 51.00 42.50 43.70 45.00*Empty Average: 41.55 42.98 No False Positives observed *The IAC dropoutwas result of a BD Viper ™ fluid level error.

TABLE XX CT Assay Testing On Film Stored at 15° C. 15° C. ReagentStorage Condition CT ASSAY Positive (Target) Values Negative (IAC)Values 50.00 50.80 50.50 48.20 43.60 47.50 48.50 49.70 50.50 50.20 49.3049.80 44.10 47.80 48.50 49.70 49.00 50.40 47.60 48.90 45.90 47.90 48.6049.70 50.50 50.20 48.20 48.30 45.90 48.10 48.60 49.90 49.30 50.80 48.0045.60 45.90 48.10 48.80 50.00 50.30 48.60 47.40 45.10 46.30 48.10 48.9050.10 48.50 49.10 48.00 47.50 46.50 48.20 49.00 50.20 49.70 46.20 48.7049.60 46.70 48.30 49.10 50.20 49.40 50.30 49.50 47.50 46.80 48.30 49.1050.40 48.60 50.20 49.00 47.30 46.90 48.40 49.30 50.50 49.90 49.40 49.0046.80 47.10 48.40 49.30 51.10 49.70 50.40 45.90 *Empty 47.40 48.40 49.6052.00 Average: 47.87 48.36 *The positive dropouts are a result of a BDViper ™ fluid level error. No False Positives observed

TABLE XXI GC Assay Testing On Film Stored at 15° C. 15° C. ReagentStorage Condition GC ASSAY Positive (Target) Values Negative (IAC)Values 44.70 42.70 44.40 40.10 37.50 43.90 45.20 45.70 45.70 44.90 40.1042.70 38.00 43.90 45.30 45.70 42.00 41.60 42.60 43.20 39.80 43.90 45.3046.00 44.00 46.00 40.60 39.30 41.50 44.40 45.30 46.00 37.20 44.50 43.2038.80 41.50 44.40 45.40 46.00 22.90 32.00 41.50 35.00 41.60 44.50 45.4046.40 40.70 43.10 45.30 39.80 42.80 44.80 45.50 46.50 43.80 43.30 38.4041.80 43.10 44.90 45.60 46.50 39.80 43.50 41.20 7.30 43.30 45.00 45.6046.60 44.40 32.30 44.10 44.90 43.50 45.00 45.70 47.50 42.30 43.50 43.4042.40 43.70 45.00 45.70 47.60 39.50 45.90 46.00 *Empty 43.90 45.10 45.7049.10 Average: 39.93 44.59 *The positive dropouts are a result of a BDViper ™ fluid level error. No False Positives observed

TABLE XXII CT Assay Testing On Film Stored At 33° C. 33° C. ReagentStorage Condition CT ASSAY Positive (Target) Values Negative (IAC)Values 50.40 46.50 42.60 48.90 44.70 47.70 48.70 49.40 49.50 48.30 50.4048.90 45.20 47.70 48.70 49.50 49.90 50.10 49.60 50.20 45.20 47.80 48.8049.60 50.80 51.50 48.70 49.70 45.50 48.10 48.80 49.80 49.90 47.30 47.6047.50 46.20 48.10 48.80 49.90 51.60 49.50 50.10 48.20 46.30 48.20 48.9049.90 50.50 50.90 51.20 48.40 46.50 48.20 48.90 50.10 50.00 50.70 48.9049.30 47.00 48.60 48.90 50.30 50.10 50.90 49.80 49.30 47.00 48.60 49.0050.40 50.60 50.00 49.20 49.30 47.10 48.60 49.10 50.60 51.40 48.70 50.5048.90 47.30 48.60 49.10 50.60 50.90 49.70 49.40 *Empty 47.40 48.60 49.2050.90 Average: 48.46 48.38 *The positive dropouts are a result of a BDViper ™ fluid level error. No False Positives observed

TABLE XXIII GT Assay Testing On Film Stored At 33° C. 33° C. ReagentStorage Condition GC ASSAY Positive (Target) Values Negative (IAC)Values *Empty 44.70 40.90 40.60 22.50 43.60 45.00 46.50 46.40 37.3043.80 43.10 34.70 43.70 45.10 46.60 12.90 43.60 45.30 43.80 41.00 43.8045.30 46.60 43.70 44.30 44.10 42.90 41.20 44.00 45.40 46.60 45.20 41.7044.80 37.40 41.70 44.20 45.40 46.70 40.80 45.80 46.20 43.20 42.00 44.2045.60 46.70 40.60 45.40 43.10 34.60 42.20 44.50 45.70 46.80 43.40 43.2039.40 44.80 42.70 44.60 45.70 47.00 45.80 45.30 35.60 28.10 42.70 44.6045.90 47.30 45.20 38.90 35.60 30.60 43.20 44.80 46.00 48.10 43.60 46.8043.40 42.70 43.30 45.00 46.20 48.20 43.50 17.10 43.50 *Empty 43.40 45.0046.40 49.70 Average: 39.22 44.31 *The positive dropout is a result of aBD Viper ™ fluid level error. No False Positives observed

The data included in Tables XVIII through XXIII indicates thatamplification reactions were success after storage of the dissolvablefilm for one month at 2-8° C., 15° C. and 33° C.

While this invention is satisfied by embodiments in many differentforms, as described in detail in connection with preferred embodimentsof the invention, it is understood that the present disclosure is to beconsidered as exemplary of the principles of the invention and is notintended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments illustratedand described herein. Numerous variations may be made by persons skilledin the art without departure from the spirit of the invention. The scopeof the invention will be measured by the appended claims and theirequivalents. The abstract is not to be construed as limiting the scopeof the present invention, as its purpose is to enable the appropriateauthorities, as well as the general public, to quickly determine thegeneral nature of the invention. In the claims that follow, unless theterm “means” is expressly used, none of the features or elements recitedtherein are intended to be construed as means-plus-function limitationspursuant to 35 U.S.C. §112, ¶6.

We claim:
 1. A method of trapping a first substance in a container, themethod comprising: (i) providing a container having a bottom and a filmreadily dissolvable in a predetermined substance; (ii) introducing thefirst substance into the bottom of the container, wherein the firstsubstance comprises magnetically responsive particles; and (iii)introducing the film down into the container such that the film overliesthe first substance in a manner such that it traps the first substanceat the bottom of the container thereby preventing dislocation of thefirst substance from under the film.
 2. The method of claim 1, whereinthe film has a shape comprising at least one of: planar; solid polygon;hollow polygon; spherical; cubic; oval; capsule-shaped; tablet shaped;and an oblong body.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the film is formedfrom a material comprising at least one of: hydroxyalkylmethylcellulose; carboxymethyl cellulose; carboxylic hydroxyalkyl estermonomer; ethoxylated hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate; propoxylatedhydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate; polyethylene glycol (PEG); polyvinylalcohol (PVA); and combinations thereof.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein the film comprises a fragrance.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein the first substance further comprises at least one of: a lysingagent; a protein denaturant; an aprotic solvent; an alkaline agent; aneutralization buffer; a salt; a metal; an enzyme; an oligonucleotide; aprimer; a nucleic acid; a protein; a stabilization component or a mediacomponent and combinations thereof.
 6. The method of claim 1, whereinthe magnetically-responsive particles are composed of at least one of:iron oxide; ferric hydroxide; ferrosoferric oxide; iron sulfide; andiron chloride.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the container comprisesat least one of: an open tube; a closed tube having a bottom; amicrowell; an array of microwells; a bottle; and a petridish.
 8. Themethod of claim 1, wherein step (iii) further comprises locating thefilm over an opening in the container, engaging the film with a moveableplunger, and forcing the film through the opening and into the containerby moving the plunger in a first longitudinal direction relative to thecontainer.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the film is in the form ofa segment dimensioned to span the opening in the container.
 10. Themethod of claim 8, wherein the film is in the form of a continuous webor roll, and step (iii) further comprises feeding the film over theopening in the container, and severing a portion of the film from theroll upon introduction into the container.
 11. The method of claim 8,wherein step (iii) further comprises locating the film over an openingin the container, and introducing the film into the container viagravity feed.
 12. The method of claim 8, wherein step (iii) furthercomprises locating the film over an opening in the container, andintroducing the film into the container via at least one of positive andvacuum pressure.
 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising: (iv)introducing a material or mixture into the container.
 14. The method ofclaim 13, wherein the material or mixture comprises at least one of:cells; microorganisms; nucleic acids; proteins; lipids; carbohydrates;and combinations thereof.
 15. The method of claim 13, wherein thematerial or mixture comprises a biological sample.
 16. The method ofclaim 15, wherein the biological sample comprises at least one of:urine; clinical urine; vaginal swabs; and combinations thereof.
 17. Themethod of claim 15, further comprising: (v) dissolving the film; and(vi) creating a mixture comprising the first substance and thebiological sample.
 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising: (vii)binding the first substance and at least portions of nucleic acidspresent in the biological sample together thereby forming complexes;(viii) applying a magnetic field to the container, thereby attractingthe complexes to a designated area of the container; (ix) removing atleast a portion of the biological sample from the container; (x)removing the magnetic field from the container; (xi) disassociating thenucleic acids from the first substance; (xii) reapplying the magneticfield to the container thereby attracting the first substance to adesignated area of the container; and (xiii) removing the nucleic acidsfrom the container.
 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising atleast one of: (xiv) performing an amplification procedure on the nucleicacids; and (xv) conducting an assay to detect the presence and/orconcentration of a target analyte in the biological sample.
 20. Themethod of claim 19, wherein at least one of steps (i) (xv) are performedby an automated robotic device.